What is a distinguishing feature of personality disorders?

A distinguishing feature of personality disorders is the presence of enduring patterns of behavior and inner experiences that deviate from cultural norms. These patterns are typically inflexible and pervasive across various situations. They manifest in cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, and impulse control, leading to significant distress or impairment in personal, social, or occupational areas of functioning.

Individuals with personality disorders often exhibit consistent and long-standing ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving that can be maladaptive. This permanence distinguishes personality disorders from other mental health conditions, which might be more transient and specific to particular circumstances or events. In contrast, the enduring characteristic suggests that these patterns have been present since adolescence or early adulthood and are ingrained in the person's personality.

The other options refer to more transient or inconsistent experiences. Short-term mood swings are often related to mood disorders, such as bipolar disorder, rather than personality disorders. Temporary changes in personality due to stress suggest a reaction to situational factors rather than stable traits. Excessive adaptability to change does not align with the rigidity typically observed in personality disorders; instead, it suggests flexibility, which is contrary to the persistent and inflexible nature seen in these disorders. Overall, the focus on enduring patterns captures the essence of personality disorders.