What does the term “self-efficacy” refer to in mental health?

Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their ability to achieve specific goals or manage tasks successfully. It is a concept that originated from psychologist Albert Bandura and plays a crucial role in how people approach challenges and cope with stressors, particularly in the context of mental health.

When individuals have high self-efficacy, they are more likely to take action, persist in the face of difficulties, and recover from setbacks. This belief enhances motivation and resilience, key factors in managing one's mental health and maintaining well-being. Conversely, those with low self-efficacy may doubt their abilities, which can lead to avoidance of challenges, increased anxiety, and a sense of helplessness.

The other choices present ideas that do not align with the core definition of self-efficacy. Focusing on external circumstances would suggest a reliance on factors outside one's control, which diverges from the personal belief aspect of self-efficacy. Reliance on medication alone indicates a dependency on external aids rather than an internal belief in one's capability. Lastly, dependence on others for validation contradicts the self-reliance and self-belief that self-efficacy embodies.