What does cognitive restructuring involve?

Cognitive restructuring is a therapeutic process commonly used in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) that focuses on identifying and challenging negative or maladaptive thoughts. The goal is to help individuals recognize cognitive distortions—such as overgeneralization, catastrophizing, or all-or-nothing thinking—that contribute to emotional distress and unhealthy behaviors.

By identifying these thoughts, a person can examine the evidence for and against them, ultimately leading to a more balanced and realistic perspective. This process empowers individuals to change their thinking patterns, thereby reducing anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues. Cognitive restructuring encourages active engagement with one’s thought processes, promoting healthier mental habits and fostering emotional well-being.

The other options do not align with the essence of cognitive restructuring. Ignoring maladaptive thoughts would not address the underlying issues, while reinforcing negative thoughts or avoiding confrontation with thoughts could exacerbate mental health problems rather than alleviate them. Thus, focusing on identifying and challenging thoughts is the core component of cognitive restructuring.