How can a nurse support a client experiencing a panic attack?

Supporting a client during a panic attack involves providing immediate techniques that can help alleviate their distress. Encouraging the client to breathe slowly is an effective strategy because panic attacks are often accompanied by rapid, shallow breathing, which can exacerbate feelings of panic and anxiety. By guiding the client to engage in slow, deep breathing, the nurse helps to activate the body’s relaxation response, which can lower heart rate and reduce feelings of dizziness and tightness in the chest.

This technique not only helps to calm the physiological symptoms associated with panic attacks, but it also gives the client a sense of control over their situation. Breathing exercises can serve as a grounding technique, allowing the client to focus on their breath rather than the overwhelming feelings of fear or anxiety that typically accompany a panic attack. This supportive intervention fosters a sense of safety, helping the client to regain composure more effectively.

In contrast, leaving the client alone could amplify feelings of abandonment and fear, while challenging the client's fears might invalidate their experience and increase anxiety. Discouraging them from discussing their feelings could prevent critical expression of emotions that might aid in their recovery. Therefore, promoting slow breathing is a supportive and practical response to help the client manage a panic attack.